The Grit and the Grind

Offers a much-needed perspective on the connections between community, policymaking, and the improvement of underperforming schools.

Across the United States, school reform is a perennial and fraught issue as we endeavour to achieve better outcomes for all students. How can we re-engineer schools in ways that put the improvement of teaching and learning at the centre, but that are also attuned to local history and values? In The Grit and the Grind, education policy scholars Joshua L. Glazer, Cori F. Egan, William R. Berry, and Amar A. Fattal compare two markedly different programmes launched in low-performing Memphis schools with the same goal: improving students' learning at school.

These two initiatives—the Achievement School District (ASD) and the Shelby County Innovation Zone, or iZone—were both designed to improve Memphis's public schools, but their leaders occupied very different positions in relation to the communities those schools served. The ASD was a state-run entity that brought in out-of-state charter school networks to run and manage local neighbourhood schools. These charter leaders replaced existing school staff and remade schools to align with their own philosophies and visions.

In contrast, iZone was a district-run initiative that relied on longstanding district teachers and leaders to engineer improvements. Upon entering the iZone, schools were subject to several relatively low-profile changes—an extra hour added to the school day, a larger budget, and increased autonomy—while remaining under local school board direction. Though these schools might be assigned a new principal with the freedom to hire and fire teachers, they remained embedded in community institutions with legacy knowledge of Memphis.

Comparing these two organisations allows the authors to consider the promises and perils of some of our most popular and controversial tools for making schools better.

Drawing on years of comprehensive research, The Grit and the Grind presents a compelling account of the political and pedagogical drivers of meaningful reform.