German Breakthrough in Greece

On February 25, 1941, Winston Churchill, the British Prime Minister, made his first approach to the Australian and New Zealand governments seeking their approval for the use of their troops in his Greek venture. While the New Zealand government was adamant that their forces should have the support of an armoured brigade, the Australian government was more concerned that it would end in an evacuation, a fear also evident among the British planners, a view they were reluctant to share.

Fast forward two months and it is now April 14. Ten days have passed since the German invasion of Greece and the Anzacs are in trouble, even if they don't yet know it. The small German motorcycle battalion that has just reached the 21st NZ Battalion positions at Platamon is a harbinger of the panzer battle group yet to come. To the south is the strategic town of Larissa. North of it almost the entire Anzac Corps is spread out along the line of the Olympus Mountains, with its western end anchored on Kalabaka, where a small brigade group waits for the appearance of the 1st Armoured Brigade further north. Larissa is their only escape route and the German thrust is aimed straight at it. Worse still, as the fighting intensified at Platamon, the Anzac Corps high command seemed slow to react and almost turned a blind eye to it as they continued to reinforce the west against what was only a perceived threat.

That this lone battalion, with four 25-pounders in support, managed to hold off the attackers for as long as they did until Anzac Corps Headquarters finally reacted was certainly not due to the latter's commander, Lieutenant General Thomas Blamey. There is a view in some quarters that this successful delaying action only became possible due to the intervention of Blamey's Chief-of-Staff, Brigadier Sydney Rowell. However, the complete evacuation of all Anzac troops north of Larissa may owe much more to the propensity of the New Zealand soldier for misappropriation of other people's assets, in this case, British anti-tank mines.

In the end, this situation was turned around thanks to the actions of small groups of men, whose resilience and resourcefulness, often under extreme circumstances, helped delay the advance. The Germans, in turn, made a number of blunders, not the least of which were logistic, but it could also be put down to overconfidence on their part after their easy victories in France. In the end, the entire Anzac Corps escaped the trap, albeit by the skin of their teeth, and the British avoided the wider political ramifications of what could have happened had they lost what was, in New Zealand's case, their sole contribution to British land forces in the Middle East.

Just how the Anzac troops in Greece succeeded in the face of what was thrown against them from both sides of the hill is the subject of German Breakthrough in Greece.

AUTHOR: Jeffrey Plowman is a research biochemist by profession, and he has had a keen interest in military history for over thirty-five years. He has made a special study of New Zealand armour and armoured units, and he has published eight books as well as many articles and chapters on the subject. For this book, he has selected from his own collection of over 10,000 photographs and from various private collections and public archives.

184 b/w illustrations