Series: Loeb Classical Library

Babrius is the reputed author of a collection (discovered in the 19th century) of more than 125 fables based on those called Aesop's, in Greek verse. He may have been a Hellenised Roman living in Asia Minor during the late 1st century of our era. The fables are all in one metre and in very good style, humorous and pointed....

Cicero (Marcus Tullius, 106–43 BCE), Roman lawyer, orator, politician, and philosopher, of whom we know more than of any other Roman, lived through the stirring era which saw the rise, dictatorship, and death of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic. In his political speeches especially, and in his correspondence, we see the excitement, tension, and intrigue of politics and the...

Tacitus (Cornelius), a famous Roman historian, was born in 55, 56 or 57 CE and lived until about 120. He became an orator and, in 77, married a daughter of Julius Agricola before Agricola went to Britain. Tacitus was a quaestor in 81 or 82, a senator under the Flavian emperors, and a praetor in 88. After four years' absence,...

Livy (Titus Livius), the great Roman historian, was born at Patavium (Padua) in 64 or 59 BC, where after years in Rome, he died in AD 12 or 17. Livy's history, composed as the imperial autocracy of Augustus was replacing the republican system that had stood for over 500 years, presents in splendid style a vivid narrative of Rome's rise...

Livy (Titus Livius), the great Roman historian, was born at Patavium (Padua) in 64 or 59 BC, where after years in Rome he died in AD 12 or 17. Livy's history, composed as the imperial autocracy of Augustus was replacing the republican system that had stood for over 500 years, presents in splendid style a vivid narrative of Rome's rise...

Valerius Flaccus, Gaius, a Latin poet who flourished in the period ca. 70–90 CE, composed in smooth and sometimes obscure style an incomplete epic Argonautica in eight books, focusing on the Quest for the Golden Fleece. The poem is typical of his age, being a free re-handling of the story already told by Apollonius Rhodius, whom he surpasses in arrangement,...

Boethius (Boetius) - Anicius Manlius Severinus - was a Roman statesman and philosopher (ca. 480–524 CE). He was the son of Flavius Manlius Boetius, and after his father's death, he was cared for by several men, notably Memmius Symmachus. Boethius married Symmachus's daughter, Rusticiana, with whom he had two sons. All three men rose to high honours under Theodoric the...

Eusebius of Caesarea, ca. 260–340 CE, born in Palestine, was a student of the presbyter Pamphilus whom he loyally supported during Diocletian's persecution. He was himself imprisoned in Egypt but became Bishop of Caesarea about 314. At the Council of Nicaea in 325, he sat by the emperor, led a party of moderates, and made the first draft of the...

Quintus Curtius was apparently a rhetorician who lived in the first century of the Roman empire and, early in the reign of Claudius (41–54 CE), wrote a history of Alexander the Great in 10 books in a clear and picturesque style for Latin readers. The first two books have not survived—our narrative begins with events in 333 BCE—and there is...

Livy (Titus Livius), the great Roman historian, was born at Patavium (Padua) in 64 or 59 BC, where after years in Rome he died in AD 12 or 17. Livy's history, composed as the imperial autocracy of Augustus was replacing the republican system that had stood for over 500 years, presents in splendid style a vivid narrative of Rome's rise...

Thucydides of Athens, one of the greatest of historians, was born about 471 BCE. He saw the rise of Athens to greatness under the inspired leadership of Pericles. In 430, the second year of the Peloponnesian War, he caught and survived the horrible plague which he described so graphically. Later, as general in 423, he failed to save Amphipolis from...

Vitruvius (Marcus V. Pollio), a Roman architect and engineer, studied Greek philosophy and science, gaining experience throughout his professional career. He was appointed as one of the overseers of imperial artillery or military engines and served as the architect for at least one set of buildings for Augustus during the reconstruction of Rome. Late in his life, and in ill...

Appian (Appianus) is among our principal sources for the history of the Roman Republic, particularly in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, and sometimes our only source, as for the Third Punic War and the destruction of Carthage. Born circa AD 95, Appian was an Alexandrian official at ease in the highest political and literary circles who later became a...

Appian (Appianus) is among our principal sources for the history of the Roman Republic, particularly in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, and sometimes our only source, as for the Third Punic War and the destruction of Carthage. Born circa AD 95, Appian was an Alexandrian official at ease in the highest political and literary circles who later became a...

Aristotle, the great Greek philosopher, researcher, reasoner, and writer, was born at Stagirus in 384 BCE. He was the son of Nicomachus, a physician, and Phaestis. Aristotle studied under Plato at Athens and taught there between 367 and 347 BCE. Subsequently, he spent three years at the court of a former pupil, Hermeias, in Asia Minor, where he married Pythias,...

In The Learned Banqueters, Athenaeus describes a series of dinner parties at which the guests quote extensively from Greek literature. The work, which dates to the very end of the second century CE, is amusing reading and of extraordinary value as a treasury of quotations from works now lost. Athenaeus also preserves a wide range of information about different cuisines...

Sextus Empiricus (ca. 160–210 CE), exponent of scepticism and critic of the Dogmatists, was a Greek physician and philosopher, pupil and successor of the medical sceptic Herodotus (not the historian) of Tarsus. He probably lived for years in Rome and possibly also in Alexandria and Athens. His three surviving works are Outlines of Pyrrhonism (three books on the practical and...

Aulus Gellius (ca. 123–170 CE) is known almost wholly from his Noctes Atticae, Attic Nights, so called because it was begun during the nights of an Attic winter. The work collects in twenty books (of Book VIII only the index is extant) interesting notes covering philosophy, history, biography, all sorts of antiquities, points of law, literary criticism, lexicographic matters, explanations...

A professing pagan in an aggressively Christian empire, a friend of the emperor Julian and acquaintance of St. Basil, a potent spokesman for private and political causes—Libanius can tell us much about the tumultuous world of the fourth century. Born in Antioch to a wealthy family steeped in the culture and religious traditions of Hellenism, Libanius rose to fame as...

Roman secondary education aimed principally at training future lawyers and politicians. Under the late Republic and the Empire, the main instrument was an import from Greece: declamation, the making of practice speeches on imaginary subjects. There were two types of such speeches: controversiae on law-court themes, suasoriae on deliberative topics. On both types a prime source of our knowledge is...

Written to celebrate the 80 CE opening of the Roman Colosseum, Martial's first book of poems, Epigrams, Volume I, tells of the shows in the new arena. The great Latin epigrammist's twelve subsequent books capture the spirit of Roman life in vivid detail. Fortune hunters and busybodies, orators and lawyers, schoolmasters and acrobats, doctors and plagiarists, beautiful slaves and generous...

Incomplete but invaluable excerpts from otherwise lost orations. Cicero (Marcus Tullius, 106–43 BC), Roman advocate, orator, politician, poet, and philosopher, about whom we know more than we do of any other Roman, lived through the stirring era that saw the rise, dictatorship, and death of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic. In Cicero's political speeches and in his correspondence, we...

Diodorus Siculus, Greek historian of Agyrium in Sicily, ca. 80–20 BCE, wrote forty books of world history, called Library of History, in three parts: mythical history of peoples, non-Greek and Greek, to the Trojan War; history to Alexander's death (323 BCE); history to 54 BCE. Of this we have complete Books I–V (Egyptians, Assyrians, Ethiopians, Greeks) and Books XI–XX (Greek...

Diodorus Siculus, a Greek historian from Agyrium in Sicily, lived around 80–20 BCE. He authored forty books of world history, referred to as Library of History, which is divided into three parts: mythical history of non-Greek and Greek peoples up to the Trojan War; history up to Alexander's death in 323 BCE; and history up to 54 BCE. Out of...

The philosopher Philo was born about 20 BCE to a prominent Jewish family in Alexandria, the chief home of the Jewish Diaspora as well as the chief centre of Hellenistic culture; he was trained in Greek as well as Jewish learning. In attempting to reconcile biblical teachings with Greek philosophy, he developed ideas that had wide influence on Christian and...

Appian (Appianus) is among our principal sources for the history of the Roman Republic, particularly in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC, and sometimes our only source, as for the Third Punic War and the destruction of Carthage. Born circa AD 95, Appian was an Alexandrian official at ease in the highest political and literary circles who later became a...

This volume presents papyri relating to public business of various kinds in Egypt from the middle of the 3rd century BCE to 710 CE, thus covering affairs in that country first under the rule of the Greek Ptolemaic kings, and subsequently as a Roman province. The earliest examples date from the reign of King Ptolemy II Philadelphus and the latest...

Cato (M. Porcius Cato) the elder (234–149 BCE) of Tusculum, statesman and soldier, was the first important writer in Latin prose. His speeches, works on jurisprudence and the art of war, his precepts to his son on various subjects, and his great historical work on Rome and Italy are lost. But we have his De Agricultura; terse, severely wise, grimly...

A gathering of poetic blossoms. The Greek Anthology contains some 4,500 short Greek poems in the sparkling and diverse genre of epigram, written by more than a hundred poets and collected over many centuries. To the original collection, called the Garland (Stephanus) by its contributing editor, Meleager of Gadara (first century BC), was added another Garland by Philip of Thessalonica...

The Greek Anthology (meaning "Gathering of Flowers") is the name given to a collection of about 4500 short Greek poems, referred to as epigrams, though they are usually not epigrammatic. These were composed by approximately 300 authors. Initially compiled by Meleager of Gadara in the 1st century BCE, known as the "Stephanus" (wreath or garland), the collection was subsequently expanded...

The historian Polybius (ca. 200–118 BC) was born into a leading family of Megalopolis in the Peloponnese and served the Achaean League in arms and diplomacy for many years. From 168 to 151, he was held hostage in Rome, where he became a friend of Scipio Aemilianus, whose campaigns, including the destruction of Carthage, he later attended. As a trusted...

Seneca is a figure of first importance in both Roman politics and literature: a leading adviser to Nero who attempted to restrain the emperor's megalomania; a prolific moral philosopher; and the author of verse tragedies that strongly influenced Shakespeare and other Renaissance dramatists. Seneca's plays depict intense passions and interactions in rhetoric that is equally strong. Their perspective is much...

Marcus Manilius, who lived in the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius, is the author of the earliest treatise on astrology we possess. His Astronomica, a Latin didactic poem in five books, begins with an account of celestial phenomena, and then proceeds to treat of the signs of the zodiac and the twelve temples. There follow instructions for calculating the horoscoping...

Aristophanes (ca. 446–386 BCE), one of the world's greatest comic dramatists, has been admired since antiquity for his iridescent wit and beguiling fantasy, exuberant language, and brilliant satire of the social, intellectual, and political life of Athens at its height. In this third volume of a new Loeb Classical Library edition of Aristophanes, Jeffrey Henderson presents a freshly edited Greek...

Xenophon (ca. 430 to ca. 354 BCE) was a wealthy Athenian and friend of Socrates. He left Athens in 401 and joined an expedition including ten thousand Greeks led by the Persian governor Cyrus against the Persian king. After the defeat of Cyrus, it fell to Xenophon to lead the Greeks from the gates of Babylon back to the coast...

Lucian (ca. 120–190 CE), the satirist from Samosata on the Euphrates, began his career as an apprentice sculptor. He later turned to rhetoric and became a successful travelling lecturer, visiting Italy and Gaul before settling in Athens, where he developed his original brand of satire. Late in life, he encountered financial difficulties and accepted an official post in Egypt. Noted...

Epictetus was a crippled Greek slave of Phrygia during Nero's reign (54–68 CE) who heard lectures by the Stoic Musonius before he was freed. Expelled with other philosophers by the emperor Domitian in 89 or 92, he settled permanently in Nicopolis in Epirus. There, in a school which he called a 'healing place for sick souls', he taught a practical...

Ovid (Publius Ovidius Naso, 43 BCE–17 CE), born at Sulmo, studied rhetoric and law at Rome. Later he did considerable public service there, and otherwise devoted himself to poetry and to society. Famous at first, he offended the emperor Augustus by his Ars Amatoria, and was banished because of this work and some other reason unknown to us, and dwelt...

Livy (Titus Livius), the great Roman historian, was born at or near Patavium (Padua) in 64 or 59 BCE. He may have lived mostly in Rome but died at Patavium, in 12 or 17 CE. Livy's only extant work is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books, we...

Livy (Titus Livius), the great Roman historian, was born at or near Patavium (Padua) in 64 or 59 BCE; he may have lived mostly in Rome but died at Patavium, in 12 or 17 CE. Livy's only extant work is part of his history of Rome from the foundation of the city to 9 BCE. Of its 142 books, we...

Thucydides of Athens, one of the greatest historians, was born about 471 BCE. He witnessed the rise of Athens to greatness under the inspired leadership of Pericles. In 430, during the second year of the Peloponnesian War, he caught and survived the horrible plague, which he described so graphically. Later, as a general in 423, he failed to save Amphipolis...

Procopius, born at Caesarea in Palestine late in the 5th century, became a lawyer. In 527 CE, he was made legal adviser and secretary of Belisarius, commander against the Persians, and went with Belisarius again in 533 against the Vandals and in 535 against the Ostrogoths. Sometime after 540, he returned to Constantinople. He may have been that Procopius who...

Here is a new Loeb Classical Library edition of Homer's stirring heroic account of the Trojan war and its passions. The eloquent and dramatic epic poem captures the terrible anger of Achilles, "the best of the Achaeans," over a grave insult to his personal honour and relates its tragic result—a chain of consequences that proves devastating for the Greek forces...

Julian, Volume I follows the life of Julian (Flavius Claudius Iulianus), known as "the Apostate". He was a Roman Emperor who lived from 331 or 332 to 363 CE. Born and educated as a Christian in Constantinople, Julian survived a precarious childhood and later devoted himself to literature and philosophy, eventually converting to paganism. He studied in various Greek cities,...

Plato, the great philosopher of Athens, was born in 427 BCE. In early manhood, an admirer of Socrates, he later founded the famous school of philosophy in the grove Academus. Much else recorded of his life is uncertain; that he left Athens for a time after Socrates' execution is probable; that later he went to Cyrene, Egypt, and Sicily is...

In letters to his dear friend Atticus, Cicero reveals himself as to no other of his correspondents except, perhaps, his brother. These letters, in this four-volume series, also provide a vivid picture of a momentous period in Roman history—years marked by the rise of Julius Caesar and the downfall of the Republic. When the correspondence begins in November 68 BCE,...

In letters to his dear friend Atticus, Cicero reveals himself as to no other of his correspondents except, perhaps, his brother. These letters, in this four-volume series, also provide a vivid picture of a momentous period in Roman history—years marked by the rise of Julius Caesar and the downfall of the Republic. When the correspondence begins in November 68 BCE,...

This rich compendium on the lives and doctrines of philosophers ranges over three centuries, from Thales to Epicurus (to whom the whole tenth book is devoted); 45 important figures are portrayed. Diogenes Laertius carefully compiled his information from hundreds of sources and enriches his accounts with numerous quotations. Diogenes Laertius lived probably in the earlier half of the 3rd century...

Suetonius (C. Suetonius Tranquillus, born ca. 70 CE), son of a military tribune, was at first an advocate and a teacher of rhetoric, but later became the emperor Hadrian's private secretary from 119 to 121. He dedicated to C. Septicius Clarus, prefect of the praetorian guard, his Lives of the Caesars. After the dismissal of both men for some breach...

Plutarch (Plutarchus), circa 45–120 CE, was born at Chaeronea in Boeotia in central Greece. He studied philosophy at Athens and, after coming to Rome as a teacher in philosophy, was given consular rank by the emperor Trajan and a procuratorship in Greece by Hadrian. He was married and the father of one daughter and four sons. Plutarch appears as a...

Plutarch (Plutarchus), circa 45–120 CE, was born at Chaeronea in Boeotia in central Greece, studied philosophy at Athens, and, after coming to Rome as a teacher in philosophy, was given consular rank by the emperor Trajan and a procuratorship in Greece by Hadrian. He was married and the father of one daughter and four sons. He appears as a man...

Plutarch (Plutarchus), ca. 45–120 CE, was born at Chaeronea in Boeotia in central Greece. He studied philosophy at Athens, and after coming to Rome as a teacher in philosophy, he was given consular rank by the emperor Trajan and a procuratorship in Greece by Hadrian. He was married and the father of one daughter and four sons. He appears as...

Plutarch (Plutarchus), ca. 45–120 CE, was born at Chaeronea in Boeotia in central Greece. He studied philosophy at Athens and, after coming to Rome as a teacher in philosophy, was given consular rank by the emperor Trajan and a procuratorship in Greece by Hadrian. He was married and the father of one daughter and four sons. He appears as a...

Plato of Athens, who laid the foundations of the Western philosophical tradition and in range and depth ranks among its greatest practitioners, was born to a prosperous and politically active family circa 427 BC. In early life an admirer of Socrates, Plato later founded the first institution of higher learning in the West, the Academy, among whose many notable alumni...

Manetho was an Egyptian of the 3rd century BCE. Born probably at Sebennytus in the Delta, he became a priest or high priest at Heliopolis. Apparently, he and a Greek Timotheus did much to establish the cult of Serapis in Egypt. Eight works or parts of works were ascribed to him, all on history and religion and all apparently in...

In the Metamorphoses of Apuleius, also known as The Golden Ass, we have the only Latin novel which survives entire. It is truly enchanting: a delightful romance combining realism and magic. The hero, Lucius, eager to experience the sensations of a bird, resorts to witchcraft but by an unfortunate pharmaceutical error finds himself transformed into an ass. He knows he...

Galen of Pergamum (129–?199/216), physician to the court of the emperor Marcus Aurelius, was a philosopher, scientist, and medical historian, a theoretician and practitioner, who wrote forcefully and prolifically on an astonishing range of subjects and whose impact on later eras rivalled that of Aristotle. Galen synthesised the entirety of Greek medicine as a basis for his own doctrines and...

Pliny the Elder, tireless researcher and writer, is the author of the encyclopaedic Natural History, in 37 books, an unrivalled compendium of Roman knowledge. The contents of the books are as follows. Book 1: table of contents of the others and of authorities; 2: mathematical and metrological survey of the universe; 3-6: geography and ethnography of the known world; 7:...

On Ends by Cicero transports us to the life and times of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), a renowned Roman lawyer, orator, politician, and philosopher. Cicero's era was marked by the rise and fall of Julius Caesar amidst a fragile republic. Through his political speeches and extensive correspondence, we gain insight into the excitement, tension, and intrigue of Roman politics,...

On Invention. The Best Kind of Orator. Topics by Cicero presents the works of Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BCE), a Roman lawyer, orator, politician, and philosopher. Cicero, of whom we know more than any other Roman, lived through the era that witnessed the rise, dictatorship, and death of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic. In his political speeches, especially, and...

Cicero (Marcus Tullius, 106–43 BCE), Roman lawyer, orator, politician, and philosopher, of whom we know more than of any other Roman, lived through the stirring era which saw the rise, dictatorship, and death of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic. In his political speeches, especially, and in his correspondence, we see the excitement, tension, and intrigue of politics and the...

Cicero (Marcus Tullius, 106–43 BCE), a Roman lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, is among the most well-documented figures of ancient Rome. He lived through a tumultuous period marked by the rise, dictatorship, and assassination of Julius Caesar, set against the backdrop of a crumbling republic. His political speeches and extensive correspondence reveal the excitement, tension, and political manoeuvring of the...

Plato of Athens, who laid the foundations of the Western philosophical tradition and in range and depth ranks among its greatest practitioners, was born to a prosperous and politically active family circa 427 BCE. In early life an admirer of Socrates, Plato later founded the first institution of higher learning in the West, the Academy, among whose many notable alumni...

Cicero (Marcus Tullius, 106–43 BCE), Roman lawyer, orator, politician and philosopher, of whom we know more than of any other Roman, lived through the stirring era which saw the rise, dictatorship, and death of Julius Caesar in a tottering republic. In his political speeches especially, and in his correspondence, we see the excitement, tension and intrigue of politics and the...

Demosthenes (384–322 BCE), an orator at Athens, was a pleader in law courts who later became a statesman, championing the past greatness of his city and the present resistance of Greece to the rise of Philip of Macedon to supremacy. We possess by him political speeches and law-court speeches composed for parties in private cases and political cases. His early...

Dio Cassius (Cassius Dio), ca. 150–235 CE, was born at Nicaea in Bithynia in Asia Minor. On the death of his father, who was the Roman governor of Cilicia, he went to Rome in 180, entered the Senate, and under the emperor Commodus became an advocate. He held high offices and became a close friend of several emperors. Dio was...

Dio Cassius (Cassius Dio), circa 150–235 CE, was born at Nicaea in Bithynia in Asia Minor. Upon the death of his father, who was the Roman governor of Cilicia, he moved to Rome in 180, entered the Senate, and under the emperor Commodus, became an advocate. He held high offices and became a close friend of several emperors. His distinguished...

Seneca is a figure of first importance in both Roman politics and literature: a leading adviser to Nero who attempted to restrain the emperor's megalomania; a prolific moral philosopher; and the author of verse tragedies that strongly influenced Shakespeare and other Renaissance dramatists. Seneca's plays depict intense passions and interactions in rhetoric that is equally strong. Their perspective is much...

Tacitus (Cornelius), famous Roman historian, was born in 55, 56, or 57 CE and lived to about 120. He became an orator, married in 77 a daughter of Julius Agricola before Agricola went to Britain, was quaestor in 81 or 82, a senator under the Flavian emperors, and a praetor in 88. After four years' absence, he experienced the terrors...

Arrian's Anabasis of Alexander in seven books is the best account we have of Alexander's adult life. Indica, a description of India and of Nearchus's voyage therefrom, was to be a supplement. A student of Epictetus, Arrian took notes at his lectures and published them (in eight books of which we have four, The Discourses) and also the Encheiridion or...

Tacitus (Cornelius), a famous Roman historian, was born in 55, 56, or 57 CE and lived until about 120. He became an orator, married a daughter of Julius Agricola in 77 before Agricola went to Britain, was quaestor in 81 or 82, a senator under the Flavian emperors, and a praetor in 88. After four years' absence, he experienced the...

Augustinus (354–430 CE), son of a pagan, Patricius of Tagaste in North Africa, and his Christian wife Monica, while studying in Africa to become a rhetorician, plunged into a turmoil of philosophical and psychological doubts in search of truth, joining for a time the Manichaean society. He became a teacher of grammar at Tagaste, and lived much under the influence...

Aristophanes of Athens (ca. 446–386 BCE), one of the world's greatest comic dramatists, has been admired since antiquity for his iridescent wit and beguiling fantasy, exuberant language, and brilliant satire of the social, intellectual, and political life of Athens at its height. He wrote at least forty plays, of which eleven have survived complete. In this new Loeb Classical Library...

Bede "the Venerable," English theologian and historian, was born in 672 or 673 CE in the territory of the single monastery at Wearmouth and Jarrow. He was ordained deacon (691–2) and priest (702–3) of the monastery, where his whole life was spent in devotion, choral singing, study, teaching, discussion, and writing. Besides Latin he knew Greek and possibly Hebrew. Bede's...

Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, born at Corduba (Cordova) around 4 BCE, came from a prominent and wealthy family. He spent his ailing childhood and youth in Rome under his aunt's care. Seneca became famous for his skills in rhetoric, philosophy, money-making, and imperial service. Despite some disgrace during Claudius' reign, he went on to become the tutor and, by 54 CE,...

Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, born at Corduba (modern-day Cordova) around 4 BCE to a prominent and wealthy family, spent an ailing childhood and youth at Rome in the care of an aunt. He became famous for his accomplishments in rhetoric, philosophy, money-making, and imperial service. Despite facing disgrace during Claudius' reign, he later became a tutor and, in 54 CE, an...

Strabo (ca. 64 BCE to ca. 25 CE), an Asiatic Greek of Amasia in Pontus, studied at Nysa and after 44 BCE in Rome. He became a keen traveller who saw a large part of Italy, various Near Eastern regions including the Black Sea, various parts of Asia Minor, Egypt as far as Ethiopia, and parts of Greece. He spent...

The poetry of the archaic period that the Greeks called iambic is characterized by scornful criticism of friend and foe and by sexual license. The purpose of these poems is unclear, but they seem to have some connection with cult songs used in religious festivals—for example, those honoring Dionysus and Demeter. In this completely new Loeb Classical Library edition of...

The five volumes in the Loeb Classical Library edition of Greek Lyric contain the surviving fragments of solo and choral song. This poetry was not preserved in medieval manuscripts, and few complete poems remain. Later writers quoted from the poets, but only so much as suited their needs; these quotations are supplemented by papyrus texts found in Egypt, most of...

Greek Lyric, Volume IV: Bacchylides, Corinna, and Others presents the captivating works of Bacchylides, a nephew of Simonides and a rival of Pindar, known for his choral poetry of various forms. This collection includes his victory odes, which celebrate athletic triumphs, along with dithyrambs and other hymns, showcasing his mastery of narrative. Alongside Bacchylides, this volume features the Boeotian poet...