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Different and Unequal?
Gendered Political Participation in European Democracies
Series: Elements in Gender and Politics
Brief Description
This Element examines how gender shapes political participation across Europe, analysing eight forms of political activity over ten waves of the European Social Survey (2002–2020) in 26 democracies. Challenging the assumption that women participate less than men, we find evidence for gender differentiation: women vote, sign...
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Format: Paperback / softback
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See moreThe Element examines political participation across diverse activities, individual-level explanations, patterns over time, and cross-national differences, and provides an analysis of gender patterns in participation. It examines the activities of the European Social Survey. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Women and men participate differently in politics. Women's engagement is part of women's political empowerment.
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Description
This Element examines how gender shapes political participation across Europe, analysing eight forms of political activity over ten waves of the European Social Survey (2002–2020) in 26 democracies.
Challenging the assumption that women participate less than men, we find evidence for gender differentiation: women vote, sign petitions, and boycott as much or more than men. Men dominate activities such as contacting politicians and party work. When political interest is accounted for, women demonstrate and post online at rates similar to men.
Gender gaps remain stable over time, but national context matters: women in more gender-equal societies participate significantly more than those in less equal nations. By integrating individual resources, temporal trends, and cross-national variation, Different and Unequal? offers the most comprehensive analysis to date of gendered political participation in European democracies and its implications for equality and democratic engagement.
This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Series: Elements in Gender and Politics
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Previous research demonstrates that women's participation in peace processes impacts the adoption of gendered peace provisions but leaves questions about whether women can also shape their implementation. Legislating Peace argues that women political representatives shape the implementation of gender provisions in peace agreements. In particular, it considers the role of women elected to rebel parties and ex-rebel women representatives. It...Paperback$7700Unit price /UnavailableAvailableShips in 2-3 weeks -
Legislating Peace
Previous research demonstrates that women's participation in peace processes impacts the adoption of gendered peace provisions but leaves questions about whether women can also shape their implementation. Legislating Peace argues that women political representatives shape the implementation of gender provisions in peace agreements. In particular, it considers the role of women elected to rebel parties and ex-rebel women representatives. It...Hardback$21700Unit price /UnavailableAvailableShips in 2-3 weeks -
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Different and Unequal?
This Element examines how gender shapes political participation across Europe, analysing eight forms of political activity over ten waves of the European Social Survey (2002–2020) in 26 democracies. Challenging the assumption that women participate less than men, we find evidence for gender differentiation: women vote, sign petitions, and boycott as much or more than men. Men dominate activities such as...PaperbackSold Out -
Different and Unequal?
This Element examines how gender shapes political participation across Europe, analysing eight forms of political activity over 10 waves of the European Social Survey (2002–2020) in 26 democracies. Challenging the assumption that women participate less than men, we find evidence for gender differentiation: women vote, sign petitions, and boycott as much or more than men. Men dominate activities such as...HardbackSold Out
Book Details
INFORMATION
ISBN: 9781009400053
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Format: Paperback / softback
Date Published: 02 April 2026
Country: United Kingdom
Imprint: Cambridge University Press
Illustration: Worked examples or Exercises
Audience: General / adult
DIMENSIONS
Spine width: 5.0mm
Width: 152.0mm
Height: 229.0mm
Weight: 159g
Pages: 100
Also by Catherine Bolzendahl
View all-
Different and Unequal?
This Element examines how gender shapes political participation across Europe, analysing eight forms of political activity over 10 waves of the European Social Survey (2002–2020) in 26 democracies. Challenging the assumption that women participate less than men, we find evidence for gender differentiation: women vote, sign petitions, and boycott as much or more than men. Men dominate activities such as...HardbackSold Out
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View all-
Different and Unequal?
This Element examines how gender shapes political participation across Europe, analysing eight forms of political activity over 10 waves of the European Social Survey (2002–2020) in 26 democracies. Challenging the assumption that women participate less than men, we find evidence for gender differentiation: women vote, sign petitions, and boycott as much or more than men. Men dominate activities such as...HardbackSold Out
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