Determining Provenance from Compositional Data

Traditionally, classical multivariate statistical methods have been applied to relate cultural materials recovered at archaeological sites to their respective raw material sources. However, when reviewing published research, which usually claims to have reached a high degree of confidence in the assignment of materials, the authors have detected that those applying these methods can make serious errors that compromise the inferences made.

Determining Provenance from Compositional Data reconsiders the use of statistical methods to address the problem of provenance analysis of archaeological materials using a step-by-step procedure that allows the recognition of natural groups in the data. This approach results in better quality classifications while avoiding the problems of total or partial overlaps in the chemical groups, which are common in biplots.

To evaluate the methods proposed here, the challenge of group search in ceramic materials is addressed using algorithms derived from model-based clustering. For cases with partial data labelling, a semi-supervised algorithm is applied to obsidian samples.