Series: The IJPA Key Papers Series

The 1940s was a time of great change in the psychoanalytic world. The war sounded a deathblow to continental European psychoanalysis and the death of Freud at first brought uncertainty over the future of psychoanalysis but ultimately led to greater creative freedom in exploring new ideas and theories. These years marked the birth of post-Freudian issues. There was a reflective...

The 1950s were a pivotal era in psychoanalysis. It was a time when psychoanalytic attention turned from the exploration of the internal world to the external. The influence of object relational ideas grew on various issues, and Kleinian ideas gained a stronger foothold in North America. There were numerous contributions on the subject of countertransference from varying psychoanalytic schools of...