Series: Artes Liberales

In early Christianity, it was established that every church should have a light burning on the altar at all times. In this unique study, Eternal Light and Earthly Concerns looks at the material and social consequences of maintaining these 'eternal' lights. It investigates how the cost of lighting was met across Western Europe throughout the whole of the Middle Ages,...

Christ's War examines Carolingian holy war from the forging of their empire in the eighth century to its dissolution in the late ninth century during the Northmen's attacks. It argues that the Franks understood their wars to be holy when their soldiers were without sin and, therefore, were holy themselves. God heard their prayers as they begged for divine aid,...