Aidan Duffy

The recent rise to prominence of renewable energy and energy efficiency has been driven by their potential to lower the environmental impacts of energy use. As these technologies mature, they must demonstrate not only their environmental benefits but also their economic competitiveness. The relative costs and benefits of each potential project, whether large or small, must be systematically modelled and...

In most cases of civil engineering development, a range of alternative schemes meeting project goals are feasible, so some form of evaluation must be carried out to select the most appropriate to take forward. Evaluation criteria usually include the economic, environmental, and social contexts of a project, as well as the engineering challenges, so engineers must be familiar with the...