Political Biographies

Ashoka Maurya, India's lost emperor, holds a unique place in history. In his pursuit to govern India by moral force alone, he transformed Buddhism from a minor sect into a world religion and established a new standard for governance. However, Ashoka's bold experiment ended in tragedy, and he was forgotten for almost two thousand years. In this beautifully written, multi-layered...

When Shirley Chisholm was asked why she would dare run for president, her response was, why not her? Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm rose from being the child of immigrants to the United States to running for the highest office in the land. She was both the first African American woman elected to the US Congress and the first African...

The ultimate fighting machine... The unflinching memoir of the elite combat pilot who flew it in action... And his nail-biting story of training Prince Harry. "Rounds slammed the ground all around the Taliban. He hit the earth face first, vanishing into the foggy confusion of desert conflict. The Apache's engines rumbled on as we orbited, hoping to see immediate harsh,...

Despite several landmarks across the state bearing his name, John Hunter, the second governor of New South Wales, remains somewhat of an enigma. His solitary, career-driven life on land and at sea was tumultuous. He went from a talented mariner to a captain responsible for the loss of the supply ship HMS Sirius in 1790 and then HMS Venerable in...

L.A. Times Book Prize Finalist (Graphic Novel/Comics) 2014 Cartoonist Studio Prize Shortlist 2014 Can a children's cartoon cause riots? One of Mana Neyestani's cartoons sparked riots, shuttered the newspaper he worked for, and landed the cartoonist and his editor in solitary confinement inside of Iran's notorious prison system. But that's not the whole story. Neyestani exposes the complex interplay between...

A NEW YORK TIMES EDITORS' PICK An NPR Best Book of the Year • Kirkus Reviews Best Book of the Year Longlisted for the 2024 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence "Magnificent.... A uniquely intimate history of Black liberation." – Los Angeles Times The long overdue story of the Shakurs, persistent fighters in the U.S. struggle for racial justice, and one...

The tragic story of Anne Boleyn has been retold over the centuries, yet two key figures in Anne’s life—her father Thomas and brother George—are often relegated to the margins of the history of Henry VIII’s turbulent reign. Well before Anne’s coronation in 1533, Thomas was regarded as one of Henry’s most skilled and experienced ambassadors, and George was a talented...

Len McCluskey is the standout trade unionist of his era. Head of the giant Unite union for more than a decade, he is a unique and powerful figure on the political stage. In this major autobiography, Always Red, McCluskey throws back the curtains on life at the top of the Labour movement with explosive revelations about his dealings with Keir...

A biographical history of Aleister Crowley’s activities in Berlin from 1930 to 1932 as Hitler was rising to power. Examines Crowley’s focus on his art: His work as a spy for British Intelligence, his colourful love life and sex magick exploits, and his contacts with magical orders. Explores Crowley’s relationships: With Berlin’s artists, filmmakers, writers, and performers such as Christopher...

As well as being an important medieval theologian, Albertus Magnus (Albert the Great) also made significant contributions to the study of astronomy, geography, and natural philosophy. His studies of the natural world led Pope Pius XII to declare Albertus the patron saint of the natural sciences. Dante Alighieri acknowledged a substantial debt to Albertus's work, and in The Divine Comedy...

A primer featuring James Connolly's activist writings. 2016 will mark the 100th anniversary of the 1916 Easter Rising in Ireland. James Connolly was executed by a British Army firing squad for his participation in the rebellion. The uprising had profound impact on the future trajectory of Irish society and its message had a global meaning in the midst of the...

Jenni Murray gives the lie to Thomas Carlyle’s infamous declaration that ‘the history of the world is but the biography of great men.’ Women have played just as great a role in the story of humankind, only for their own tales to be marginalised, censored and forgotten. Their names should be shouted from the rooftops. Marie Curie discovered radium and...

The Cambridge Spies continue to fascinate, but one of them, John Cairncross, has always been more of an enigma than the others. He worked alone and was driven by his hostility to Fascism rather than the promotion of Communism. During his war-time work at Bletchley Park, he passed documents to the Soviets which went on to influence the Battle of...

A Gentle Radical by Gareth Hughes tells the story of Jeanette Fitzsimons—a visionary, pioneer, and radical who challenged the dominant political paradigms held by National and Labour. This narrative chronicles her journey against the political mainstream and her role as co-leader of the Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand from 1995 to 2009, where she served as a member of...

'This right which I claim for myself and for all those like me is the right to choose the person whom I love.' Peter Wildeblood In March 1954, Peter Wildeblood, a London journalist, was one of five men charged with homosexual acts in the notorious Montagu case. Wildeblood was sentenced to eighteen months in prison, along with Lord Montagu and...

Raised in Alabama, she sent shockwaves through the South when she launched a public broadside against Jim Crow and donated to the NAACP. She used her fame to oppose American intervention in WWI. She spoke out against Hitler the month he took power in 1933 and embraced the anti-fascist cause during the Spanish Civil War. She was one of the...

In this powerful new history, New York Times bestselling author Max Wallace draws on groundbreaking research to reframe Helen Keller's journey after the miracle at the water pump, vividly bringing to light her rarely discussed, lifelong fight for social justice across gender, class, race, and ability. Raised in Alabama, she sent shockwaves through the South when she launched a public...

A radical reinterpretation of Adam Smith that challenges economists, moral philosophers, political theorists, and intellectual historians to rethink him - and why he matters. Adam Smith has long been recognised as the father of modern economics. More recently, scholars have emphasised his standing as a moral philosopher—one who was prepared to critique markets as well as to praise them. However,...

SHORTLISTED FOR THE 2024 MARGARET AND COLIN RODERICK LITERARY AWARD SHORTLISTED FOR THE 2024 LESLIE AND SOPHIE CAPLAN AWARD FOR JEWISH NON-FICTION SHORTLISTED FOR THE 2024 AGE NON-FICTION BOOK OF THE YEAR SHORTLISTED FOR THE 2024 ABIA MATT RICHELL AWARD FOR NEW WRITER OF THE YEAR A mother and daughter. Love. Loss. Wonder. The story of a brilliant life. Over...

A Financial Times Best Book of the Year The definitive biography of Zhou Enlai, the first premier and preeminent diplomat of the People's Republic of China, who protected his country against the excesses of his boss—Chairman Mao. Zhou Enlai spent twenty-seven years as premier of the People's Republic of China and ten as its foreign minister. He was the architect...

From Leonardo Da Vinci to Oliver Sacks: the first history of the western polymath, from the Renaissance to the present "An absorbing group portrait and intellectual history."—Kirkus Reviews "An admirable mixture of industry and erudition."—Robert Wilson, Wall Street Journal From Leonardo Da Vinci to John Dee and Comenius, from George Eliot to Oliver Sacks and Susan Sontag, polymaths have moved...

A revealing biography of Anne Frank, exploring both her life and the impact of her extraordinary diary "Trenchant. . . . An essential look at the diarist's legacy."—Publishers Weekly In this innovative biography, Ruth Franklin explores the transformation of Anne Frank (1929–1945) from ordinary teenager to icon, shedding new light on the young woman whose diary of her years in...

The first volume in a pioneering account of Oliver Cromwell—providing a major new interpretation of one of the greatest figures in history “Hutton’s book is intelligent, well documented, and stylish.”—Keith Thomas, New York Review of Books The Making of Oliver Cromwell by Ronald Hutton explores the life of Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658), the only English commoner to become the overall head...

Anne Boleyn is the most notorious of England's queens, but more famous for her death as an adulterer than for her life. Henry's second wife and mother of Elizabeth I, Anne was the first English queen to be publicly executed. Yet what do we know of the achievements and the legacy of her short reign? In The Life and Death...

The definitive story of a top Chinese politician's ill-fated quest to reform the Communist Party. When Hu Yaobang died in April 1989, throngs of mourners converged on the Martyrs' Monument in Tiananmen Square to pay their respects. Following Hu's 1987 ouster by party elders, Chinese propaganda officials had sought to tarnish his reputation and dim his memory, yet his death...

In this "monumental and impressive" biography, Max Boot, the distinguished political columnist, illuminates the untold story of Ronald Reagan, revealing the man behind the mythology. Drawing on interviews with over one hundred of the fortieth president's aides, friends, and family members, as well as thousands of newly available documents, Boot provides "the best biography of Ronald Reagan to date" (Robert...

The dramatic biography of a slaveship turned freedom-fighter—which brings new insights into Britain's involvement in the end of the trade in enslaved people. In 1827 the Royal Navy purchased a Baltimore clipper and renamed her the Black Joke. Assigned to the Preventative Squadron, she patrolled the west coast of Africa and freed 3,692 captives from enslavement. Beloved by seafarers and...

Colm Tóibín's personal account of encountering James Baldwin's work, published in Baldwin's centenary year. Acclaimed Irish novelist Colm Tóibín first read James Baldwin just after turning eighteen. He had completed his first year at an Irish university and was struggling to free himself from a religious upbringing. He had even considered entering a seminary and was searching for literature that...

The second volume in an acclaimed biography of Oliver Cromwell, from the capture of Charles I to the expulsion of the Long Parliament. In 1647, the Parliamentarians were divided. They had won the first civil war and the king was in custody, but disagreements over the way forward had led to a stalemate. As the leader of one party, Oliver...

A major new biography of Maria Theresa, the formidable Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa: Empress presents the story of the single most powerful woman in eighteenth-century Europe. At just twenty-three, Maria Theresa succeeded to the Habsburg domains, only to find them contested by almost every power in Europe. Over the next forty years, she became a fierce leader and opponent, as...

A major new history of Churchill in the 1930s, showing how his meetings at Chartwell, his country home, strengthened his fight against the Nazis. In the 1930s, amidst an impending crisis in Europe, Winston Churchill found himself out of government and with little power. In these years, Chartwell, his country home in Kent, became the headquarters of his campaign against...

An insightful new biography of the central figure in the Dreyfus Affair, focused on the man himself and based on newly accessible documents. On January 5, 1895, Captain Alfred Dreyfus’s cries of innocence were drowned out by a mob shouting “Death to Judas!” In Alfred Dreyfus, Maurice Samuels provides readers with an entirely new insight into Dreyfus himself—from the point...

The Second Emancipation, a work of Odyssean dimension, recasts the liberation of post–World War II colonial Africa and the American civil rights struggle through the lens of Ghana's revolutionary visionary Kwame Nkrumah (1909–1972), who emerges as the most significant African leader of the twentieth century. Determined that readers fully understand Nkrumah's legacy, bestselling author of Born in Blackness, Howard W....

A dynamic history of life in turn-of-the-century Warsaw through the eyes of a young woman and her Jewish family who converted to Catholicism. When Alicja Lewental's parents came of age in the middle of the nineteenth century, they believed they did not have to choose between two communities, one Polish and the other Jewish. But by the time Alicja was...

The second volume in an acclaimed biography of Oliver Cromwell, from the capture of Charles I to the expulsion of the Long Parliament In 1647, the Parliamentarians were divided. They had won the first civil war and the king was in custody, but disagreements over the way forward had led to a stalemate. As the leader of one party, Oliver...

More than fifty years after his death, Gamal Abd al-Nasser remains a towering figure in the Arab world. As one of the young officers who overthrew British-backed King Farouk in 1952, Nasser rose to prominence as a charismatic visionary who challenged foreign dominance. At just 36 years old, he became the undisputed leader of Egypt, in a presidency that would...

Tarbush was born in British Mandate Palestine. As an infant, he and his family are forced to evacuate their village together with its entire population, after the Zionist victory that led to the establishment of the State of Israel. As now landless refugees in the West Bank, the family sinks into poverty. When the teenage Palestinian refugee announced to his...

How Africa's most notorious tyrant made his oppressive regime seem both necessary and patriotic A Popular History of Idi Amin's Uganda explores the ruthless regime of Idi Amin, who ruled Uganda from 1971 to 1979, inflicting tremendous violence on its people. How did Amin's regime survive for eight calamitous years? Drawing on recently uncovered archival material, Derek Peterson reconstructs the...

When Sanna Marin became Prime Minister of Finland at just thirty-four years old, she captivated the world’s attention with her progressive ideas and her boldness amidst major crises. In her powerful personal memoir Hope in Action, she shares the extraordinary journey of her trailblazing career and her vision for a new kind of leadership. Marin’s story is one of resilience...

A great accomplishment . . . A wonderful reflection of an extraordinary sweep of history - Barack Obama For 16 years, Angela Merkel was Chancellor of Germany. She led the country through numerous crises, shaping both Germany and international politics with her actions and attitudes. In her memoirs, co-written with her long-time political advisor Beate Baumann, she reflects on her...

‘Very few people in parliament can match Nadhim’s childhood experience, his understanding of international affairs, his skills as a businessman and his passion for politics.’ — Rory Stewart ‘From Baghdad to number 11 Downing Street: in any other country it would be fiction. You have to read it to believe it.’ — Jeffrey Archer An Observer Book of the Week...

The inspiring story of Mary Penfold, the mother of the Australian wine industry - a self-taught vintner and business genius who emigrated to a frontier settlement and built her family's small vineyard into one of the world's most respected winemakers. Bestselling author and biographer Grantlee Kieza turns his focus to the birth of the Australian wine industry and the mother,...

The head of the Guinness family tells the true story of how his ancestors created the largest brewery in the world. In this narrative non-fiction book, Arthur Edward Guinness, the 4th Earl of Iveagh and head of the Guinness family tells, for the first time, the inside story of how the first four generations of Guinnesses, starting from humble origins...

A deeply personal account of life as a carer and a call to support those who care for others "Ed Davey wants to rewrite British politics – not with the language of crisis, but that of care. … He offers something rare – moral clarity rooted in lived experience." Guardian Caring is how we know we’re alive. The good in...

Jens Stoltenberg offers an honest and candid account of a dramatic decade as the leader of NATO. When Stoltenberg took office as Secretary General of NATO in 2014, the world was already changing. What followed was a decade marked by war, diplomatic crises, and decisions that helped shape our shared security. This book takes readers behind closed doors and offers...

One man, his piano and their miraculous survival. 'Extraordinary' — Baroness Julia Neuberger 'Powerful and gruelling ... an almost unimaginable story of horror and survival' — Mail on Sunday 'Stunning. A beautiful blend of action, poetry, thought-provoking comment and music ... just brilliant' — James Ainscough OBE 'A gripping narrative of suffering, loss and survival, with music at its heart'...

Don’t Miss the Apple TV+ Docuseries Streaming Now! “This book is as engrossing as anything by Agatha Christie, as unsettling as a novel by Stephen King, and reported with a vigorous empathy that leaves Truman Capote in the dust. Scott Johnson’s courage, his relentless quest for the truth behind a set of brilliantly obscured cruelties, and his examination of the...

The desperate manhunt to bring down Australia's most notorious outlaw When Ned Kelly and his band of young tearaways ambushed and killed three brave policemen in a remote mountain camp in 1878, they sparked the biggest and most expensive manhunt Australia had seen. The desperate search would end when Kelly and his gang, wearing suits of armour, tried to derail...

In 1945, the small island of Tarakan off Borneo's coast became the unlikely stage for one of the Second World War's most gruelling campaigns. As part of General Douglas MacArthur's plan to liberate the Netherlands Indies, Australian soldiers launched Operation Oboe One, a mission to capture Tarakan’s airstrip. What was meant to last three weeks stretched into two months of...

The astonishing life of Ned Kelly's mother While we know much about the iconic outlaw Ned Kelly, his mother Ellen Kelly has been largely overlooked by Australian writers and historians—until now, with this vivid and compelling portrait by Grantlee Kieza, one of Australia's most popular biographers. When Ned Kelly's mother, Ellen, arrived in Melbourne in 1841 aged nine, British convict...

This is the true story of a young Australian soldier whose life of opportunity was challenged by trauma and salvaged by strength. Nelson Ferguson, from Ballarat, was a stretcher-bearer on the Western Front in France during World War I. He survived the dangers of stretcher-bearing in some of Australia’s most horrific battles: the Somme, Bullecourt, Ypres, and Villers-Bretonneux. In April...

William Cooper: An Aboriginal Life Story details William Cooper's passionate struggle against the dispossession of Aboriginal people and the denial of their rights, as well as his heroic fight for them to become citizens in their own country. His efforts have been widely commemorated and celebrated. By carefully reconstructing the historical losses his Yorta Yorta people suffered and endured, the...

Retracing my mother’s footsteps in search of women’s freedom 1974. A 22-year-old Jacqui French stands for a photograph in Omaha, Nebraska, thousands of miles from home. In 2022, the US Supreme Court voted to overturn Roe v. Wade, restricting access to abortion across America. The decision mirrored a global trend towards a devastating unravelling of women’s freedoms; a reversal of...

An Australian attack aircraft flies into a ship with guns blazing. Both crewmen are killed, but does anyone notice? At the entrance to Orsta fjord, down an overgrown path, a granite stone stands on a rocky outcrop at the water’s edge. Roughly inscribed in English, it records the loss of two young Australians. The stone was erected in 1947 by...

“A moving and intimate portrait of two brothers at war.” Michael McKernan Under the same Moon intricately weaves together the lives of a family, their sons, and the men of the battalion they join, all set against the backdrop of a bygone Australia during World War II. This compelling historical narrative breathes life into the people and places of the...

How a motley crew of merchant seamen walked 600 miles to save 7000 gallons of rum By the bestselling author of The Ship That Never Was When, in 1796, Calcutta-based Scottish merchants Campbell & Clark dispatched an Indian ship hurriedly renamed the Sydney Cove to the colony of New South Wales, they were hoping to make their fortune. The ship's...

How did Menzies develop as the giant of Australian politics? Sir Robert Menzies is a towering figure in Australian history. As the nation's longest-serving prime minister, he transformed and ultimately dominated the political landscape, implementing policies that laid the foundations of modern Australia. The story of Menzies and his governments is essential to the Australian narrative – the centrality of...

Popular history at its very best, thought-provoking and accessible. Underpinned by serious research, and written with panache, it summons up a vanished world SUNDAY TELEGRAPH This is an astonishing new account of The Young Alexander by Alex Rowson – one of the most important figures of the ancient world, whose earlier years have until now been a mystery. Alexander the...

'Brilliantly gripping' Sunday Times; 'Compelling' Daily Mail; 'Heart-rending' Sunday Telegraph; 'Excellent' The Times; ‘Engrossing’ Independent The UK's only war crimes trial took place in 1999 and had its origins in the horrors of the Holocaust, but only now in The Ticket Collector from Belarus can the full story be told. The Ticket Collector from Belarus tells the remarkable story of...

In The Siege Within, Malaysian journalist Leslie Lopez crafts a remarkable thriller out of politics and high finance, delivering a knockout exposé all the more shocking for the ring of truth behind every act. When Malaysia's sixth prime minister Najib Razak was sentenced to twelve years in prison and fined RM 210 million for stealing billions from the 1MDB state...

A Telegraph Book to Read for Autumn 2022 A Times Best Non-fiction Book for Autumn 2022 A Daily Mail Book of the Year 2022 A Waterstones Best Book of 2022: Biography The astonishing new portrait of the master of spy fiction, by the woman he kept secret for almost half his life. John le Carré led a life entirely constructed...

The extraordinary story of Mary Reibey - immortalised on the Australian $20 note, Australia's first female entrepreneur and the most powerful woman in colonial history SHORTLISTED FOR THE 2024 INDIE BOOK AWARDS In 1791, teenage runaway and sometime horse thief Mary Reibey narrowly escaped the English gallows with transportation to the brutal new penal colony at Sydney Cove. It was...

An inside look at President Richard Nixon’s administration and epic trips to China and Russia, as well as his incredible Watergate downfall, by the man who was at his side for a decade as his aide and White House Deputy. From Richard Nixon’s “You-won’t-have-Nixon-to-kick-around-anymore” 1962 gubernatorial campaign through his world-changing trips to China and the Soviet Union and epic downfall,...

The first comprehensive biography of the godfather of Australian bushranging – Frank Gardiner – leader of the Lachlan gang and mastermind of the largest gold heist in Australian history. Atop the hierarchy of Australian bushrangers sits Ned Kelly – the ultimate outlaw – and just below him, the tragic figure of Ben Hall, who joined a gang led by a...

When Ukrainian journalist Iuliia Mendel got the call she had been hired to work for President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, she had no idea what was to come. In this frank and “moving” (The Washington Post) insider account, Zelenskyy’s former press secretary tells the story of his improbable rise from popular comedian to the president of Ukraine. Mendel had a front row...

The Diggers of Colditz takes you inside Colditz Castle, Nazi Germany’s infamous ‘escape-proof’ wartime prison, where hundreds of the most determined and resourceful Allied prisoners were sent. Despite having more guards than inmates, Australian Lieutenant Jack Champ and other prisoners tirelessly carried out their campaign to escape from the massive floodlit stronghold... by any means necessary. In this riveting account—by...

Featured in the Wall Street Journal From his deep involvement in the civil rights and anti-war movements of the 1960s to his almost forty years at the head of the New Republic, Martin Peretz traces his personal history alongside those of the cultural and political centres—Harvard, Wall Street, Washington—in which he was a key player for decades. From 1974 to...

‘Superb...his pages fizz with character and colour’ Dominic Sandbrook, Sunday Times ‘Scholarly and very readable’ Andrew Lycett, Spectator ‘Energetic and hugely entertaining’ A.N.Wilson, TLS The definitive biography of Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, the first and greatest press magnate in history and the genius who invented modern popular journalism. The turn of the century was a period when the world...

The vivid, scandal-filled story of a shrewd, rags-to-riches millionairess and the ruthless politician who pursued her, told against the effervescent backdrop of America’s Golden City—San Francisco. San Francisco, until the mid-1940s, was a city that lived by its own rules, fast and loose. Formed by the gold rush and destroyed by the 1906 earthquake, it served as a pleasure palace...

From national bestselling author and acclaimed military historian Robert L. O’Connell, a dynamic history of four military leaders whose extraordinary leadership and strategy led the United States to success during World War I and beyond. By the first half of the twentieth century, technology had transformed warfare into a series of intense bloodbaths in which the line between soldiers and...

This book is part Chickenhawk and part Exit Wounds … a powerful and timely contribution to a nation’s understanding of what we ask of our service men and women and the debt we owe … Matt Anderson PSM, Director, Australian War Memorial Stop Screaming, I'm Scared Too is not what you’d expect to see on the back of a loadmaster’s...

The incredible account of Sister Betty Jeffrey OAM and the Australian war nurses who survived the bombing of evacuation ship SS Vyner Brooke in February 1942, and subsequently spent three years in Japanese prison camps in Sumatra. During those perilous years surviving in squalid conditions, Sister Jeffrey kept a secret diary of day-to-day events which, after the war, was turned...

Two beloved Metaxas classics in a single, compact edition. In this new, one-volume edition that brings together two of his most popular works, #1 New York Times bestselling author Eric Metaxas explores the question of what makes a great person great. Seven Men and Seven Women tells the captivating stories of fourteen heroic individuals who changed the course of history...

The voyage of Rose de Freycinet, the stowaway who defied the French for love. In 1814, in the aftermath of the French Revolution, nineteen-year-old Rose Pinon married the handsome naval officer Louis de Freycinet, fifteen years her senior. Three years later, unable to bear parting from her husband, she dressed in men's clothing and slipped secretly aboard his ship the...

The Iraq War’s only living Medal of Honor recipient reveals the untold story of the remarkable brotherhood behind one of the war’s legendary acts of valour. In 2004, he stormed an enemy stronghold to save his platoon. Fourteen years later, his unit reunited and saved him. This is their story. “Acting on instinct to save the members of his platoon...

Scott Morrison, Australia's 30th Prime Minister (2018-2022), offers a unique insider's account of a Christian who was open about his faith and operated at the top level of politics for more than a decade. During one of the toughest periods since the second world war, covering drought, wildfires, a global pandemic and recession, he chronicles God's faithfulness throughout, win or...

During World War II, Balck commanded panzer troops from the front line and led by example, putting himself in extreme danger when rallying his soldiers to surge forward. He fought battles that were masterpieces of tactical operations, utilizing speed, surprise and a remarkable ability to motivate his men to achieve what they considered to be impossible. We follow his journey...

In 1999, idealistic 23-year-old Registered Nurse Sharon Bown left her comfortable family life in Tasmania and joined the Royal Australian Air Force with the aim of providing humanitarian aid to the world. Through her 16-year military career, she deployed on three operations, barely survived a helicopter crash, and struggled to return to military service. She navigated political circles in Canberra...

INSTANT #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER The former attorney general provides a candid account of his historic tenures serving two vastly different presidents, George H.W. Bush and Donald J. Trump. William Barr’s first tenure as attorney general under President George H.W. Bush was largely the result of chance, while his second tenure under President Donald Trump was a deliberate and...