Enemies Near and Far

Although the United States has prioritised its fight against militant groups for two decades, the transnational jihadist movement has proved surprisingly resilient and adaptable. Many analysts and practitioners have underestimated these militant organisations, viewing them as unsophisticated or unchanging despite the ongoing evolution of their tactics and strategies.

In Enemies Near and Far, two internationally recognised experts use newly available documents from al-Qaeda and ISIS to explain how jihadist groups think, grow, and adapt. Daveed Gartenstein-Ross and Thomas Joscelyn recast militant groups as learning organisations, detailing their embrace of strategic, tactical, and technological innovation. Drawing on theories of organisational learning, they provide a sweeping account of these groups' experimentation over time.

Gartenstein-Ross and Joscelyn shed light on militant groups' most effective strategic and tactical moves, including attacks targeting aircraft and the use of the internet to inspire and direct lone attackers. They examine jihadists' ability to shift their strategy based on political context. While militant groups' initial efforts to upgrade their capabilities often fail, these attempts should generally be understood not as failures but as experiments in service of a learning process—a process that continues until these groups achieve a breakthrough.

Providing unprecedented historical and strategic perspective on how jihadist groups learn and evolve, Enemies Near and Far also explores how to anticipate future threats, analysing how militants are likely to deploy a range of emerging technologies.