{"product_id":"guidelines-for-initiating-events-and-independent-protection-layers-in-layer-of-protection-analysis-by-ccps-center-for-chemical-process-safety-9780470343852","title":"Guidelines for Initiating Events and Independent Protection Layers in Layer of Protection Analysis","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"book-description\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGuidelines for Initiating Events and Independent Protection Layers in Layer of Protection Analysis\u003c\/em\u003e is a guide for Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) practitioners. It explains the onion skin model and, in particular, how it relates to the use of LOPA and the need for non-safety instrumented independent protection layers. It provides specific guidance on Independent Protection Layers (IPLs) that are not Safety Instrumented Systems (SIS).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the LOPA methodology, companies typically take credit for risk reductions accomplished through non-SIS alternatives; i.e., administrative procedures, equipment design, etc. It addresses issues such as how to ensure the effectiveness and maintain reliability for administrative controls or “inherently safer, passive” concepts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis book will address how the fields of Human Reliability Analysis, Fault Tree Analysis, Inherent Safety, Audits and Assessments, Maintenance, and Emergency Response relate to LOPA and SIS.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe book will separate IPL's into categories such as the following:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003col\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eInherent Safety\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eeliminates a scenario or fundamentally reduces a hazard\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePreventive\/Proactive\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eprevents initiating event from occurring such as enhanced maintenance\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003ePreventive\/Active\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003estops chain of events after initiating event occurs but before an incident has occurred such as high level in a tank shutting off the pump\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eMitigation (active or passive)\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eminimizes impact once an incident has occurred such as closing block valves once LEL is detected in the dike (active) or the dike preventing contamination of groundwater (passive)\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n  \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Unknown","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47596506382572,"sku":"9780470343852","price":238.99,"currency_code":"NZD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0705\/7784\/8556\/files\/342d5e2ac2c5d09fb5dc59f52fb09433.jpg?v=1777941698","url":"https:\/\/bookhero.co.nz\/products\/guidelines-for-initiating-events-and-independent-protection-layers-in-layer-of-protection-analysis-by-ccps-center-for-chemical-process-safety-9780470343852","provider":"Book Hero","version":"1.0","type":"link"}