{"title":"Jack Lyons","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJack Lyons\u003c\/strong\u003e offers insightful explorations into the realms of philosophy and psychology, encouraging readers to engage deeply with critical thinking. His works challenge conventional ideas and provide tools to analyse arguments with clarity and precision.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eReaders can expect a thoughtful blend of rigorous reasoning and accessible prose, perfect for those seeking to sharpen their intellect and broaden their understanding of the mind and thought processes.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"the-new-critical-thinking-by-jack-lyons-9781138687479","title":"The New Critical Thinking","description":"\u003cdiv class=\"book-description\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhy is it so hard to learn critical thinking skills?\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional textbooks focus almost exclusively on logic and fallacious reasoning, ignoring two crucial problems. As psychologists have demonstrated recently, many of our mistakes are not caused by formal reasoning gone awry, but by our bypassing it completely. We instead favour more comfortable, but often unreliable, intuitive methods. Second, the evaluation of premises is of fundamental importance, especially in this era of fake news and politicised science.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis highly innovative text is psychologically informed, both in its diagnosis of inferential errors, and in teaching students how to watch out for and work around their natural intellectual blind spots. It also incorporates insights from epistemology and philosophy of science that are indispensable for learning how to evaluate premises. The result is a hands-on primer for real-world critical thinking. The authors bring over four combined decades of classroom experience and a fresh approach to the traditional challenges of a critical thinking course: effectively explaining the nature of validity, assessing deductive arguments, reconstructing, identifying and diagramming arguments, and causal and probabilistic inference. Additionally, they discuss in detail important, frequently neglected topics, including testimony, the nature and credibility of science, rhetoric, and dialectical argumentation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe New Critical Thinking\u003c\/em\u003e offers the following key features and benefits:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUses contemporary psychological explanations of, and remedies for, pervasive errors in belief formation. There is no other critical thinking text that generally applies this psychological approach.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eAssesses premises, notably premises based on the testimony of others, and evaluation of news and other information sources. No other critical thinking textbook gives detailed treatment of this crucial topic. Typically, they only provide a few remarks about when to accept expert opinion or argument from authority.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eCarefully explains the concept of validity, paying particular attention to distinguishing logical possibility from other species of possibility, and demonstrates how we may mistakenly judge invalid arguments as valid because of belief bias.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eInstead of assessing an argument’s validity using formal\/mathematical methods (i.e., truth tables for propositional logic and Venn diagrams for categorical logic), provides one technique that is generally applicable: explicitly showing that it is impossible to make the conclusion false and the premises true together. For instructors who like the more formal approach, the text also includes standard treatments using truth tables and Venn diagrams.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUses frequency trees and the frequency approach to probability more generally, a simple method for understanding and evaluating quite complex probabilistic information.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003eUses argument maps, which have been shown to significantly improve students’ reasoning and argument evaluation.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"Taylor \u0026 Francis","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47608111595756,"sku":"9781138687479","price":341.0,"currency_code":"NZD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0705\/7784\/8556\/files\/9781138687479-the-new-critical-thinking.jpg?v=1778183748"}],"url":"https:\/\/bookhero.co.nz\/collections\/jack-lyons.oembed","provider":"Book Hero","version":"1.0","type":"link"}